{"id":594,"date":"2016-11-15T14:18:53","date_gmt":"2016-11-15T12:18:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/biostatistics.med.uoa.gr\/?p=594"},"modified":"2022-04-05T15:58:28","modified_gmt":"2022-04-05T12:58:28","slug":"sme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/biostatistics.med.uoa.gr\/en\/sme\/","title":{"rendered":"\u03a3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u039c\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 (\u03a3\u039c\u0395)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Faculty<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>G. Vourli<\/p>\n<p>A. Kalpourtzi<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u03a3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>O \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 (attributable risk) \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd (interactions) \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd&gt;1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5.\u00a0 \u03a4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 (causal inference).\u00a0 \u0399\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ad\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03ae \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd (interpretation).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0395\u03ba\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03ae\u00a0 \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c6\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf, \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd.\u00a0 \u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b8\u03ae \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1. \u03a4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c6\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0395\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c3<\/strong><strong>\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd; \u00a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b7\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2-\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd (prevalence) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (incidence); \u0395\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b7\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u2013 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 (relative risk) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 (attributable risk); \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 (confounder) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (effect modifier); \u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd (bias)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong> \u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 (<\/strong><strong>cohort<\/strong> <strong>studies<\/strong><strong>) \u2013 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u039c\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (incidence rate) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (rate ratio) \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2; \u0394\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (stratification) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c1\u03b8\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 (adjustment) \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac Mantel-Haenszel; \u00a0\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (rate ratio), \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (interaction) \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac Poisson.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong> \u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 (<\/strong><strong>cohort<\/strong> <strong>studies<\/strong><strong>) \u2013 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u039a\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03cd\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2- \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (lifetable method) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac Kaplan Meier (Kaplan Meier method); \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03cd\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 log rank test; \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac Cox (hazard ratio); \u00a0\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf-\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 (time-dependent variables) \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac Cox.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong> \u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd-\u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd (<\/strong><strong>case<\/strong><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><strong>control<\/strong> <strong>studies<\/strong><strong>): <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0395\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd (odds ratio);\u00a0\u00a0 \u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c1\u03b8\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (odds ratio \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac Mantel-Haenszel); \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 odds ratio, \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (interaction) \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (logistic regression).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong> \u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd-\u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd (<\/strong><strong>case<\/strong><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><strong>control<\/strong> <strong>studies<\/strong><strong>) &#8211; \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7: <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u2013 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd; \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 odds ratio \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd-\u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd; conditional logistic regression; \u03bc\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0391\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd &gt;1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0397 \u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u2013 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac; \u0391\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1 (multiplicative interaction) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae (deviations from multiplicativity of the associations); \u0391\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1 (additive interaction) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae (deviations from additivity of the associations); \u039f\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Relative excess Risk due to Interaction (RERI) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Synergy Index (SI).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u039f\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong><strong>\/<\/strong><strong>\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc (<\/strong><strong>attributable<\/strong> <strong>risk<\/strong><strong>\/<\/strong><strong>fraction<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0397 \u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03ad\u03ba\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5; \u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 (\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2\/\u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd-\u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd).\u00a0 \u03a3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (association) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 (causation). \u00a0\u0395\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bb\u03ac \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 (Directed acyclic graphs). \u0397 \u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd (counterfactuals).\u00a0 \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cb\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u03a7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1 (time dependent counfounding).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u03a9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong><\/p>\n<table width=\"482\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"482\">\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u038f\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u0394\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"248\">\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/td>\n<td width=\"234\">\u0395\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"248\">13<\/td>\n<td width=\"234\">13<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0391\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<br \/>\n<\/strong>\u0397 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0392\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1<\/strong> <strong>\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong> <strong>\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Rothman KR, Lash TL, Greenland S. Modern EpidemiologyThird, Mid-cycle revision Edition, Wolterw Kluwer 2013<\/p>\n<p>Merrill RM. Statistical Methods in Epidemiologic Research. Jones &amp; Bartlett Learning 2016<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Tyler-VanderWeele\/e\/B00T6PU7FS\/ref=dp_byline_cont_book_1\">VanderWeele<\/a> T. Explanation in Causal Inference: Methods for Mediation and Interaction 1st Edition. Oxford University Press, 2015<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0394\u03b9\u03b4\u03ac\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u0393. \u0392\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03bb\u03ae \u0391. \u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03c4\u03b6\u03ae &nbsp; \u03a3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 O \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 (attributable risk) \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd (interactions) <a href=\"https:\/\/biostatistics.med.uoa.gr\/en\/sme\/\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span class=\"sr-only\">Read more about \u03a3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u039c\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 (\u03a3\u039c\u0395)<\/span>[&hellip;]<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/biostatistics.med.uoa.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/594"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/biostatistics.med.uoa.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/biostatistics.med.uoa.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biostatistics.med.uoa.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biostatistics.med.uoa.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=594"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/biostatistics.med.uoa.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/594\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1933,"href":"https:\/\/biostatistics.med.uoa.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/594\/revisions\/1933"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/biostatistics.med.uoa.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=594"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biostatistics.med.uoa.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=594"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/biostatistics.med.uoa.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=594"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}