{"id":617,"date":"2016-11-15T14:11:48","date_gmt":"2016-11-15T12:11:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/biostatistics.med.uoa.gr\/?p=617"},"modified":"2022-04-05T16:01:09","modified_gmt":"2022-04-05T13:01:09","slug":"glm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/biostatistics.med.uoa.gr\/en\/glm\/","title":{"rendered":"Generalized Linear Models"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Faculty<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/biostatistics.med.uoa.gr\/index.php\/touloumi\/\">Giota Touloumi<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Nikos Pantazis<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u03a3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>O \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd 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\u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03ac \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1 (\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2\u00a0 Stata, SAS, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 SPSS) \u0393.\u0393.\u039c. \u039d\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1: \u03b1) \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc 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\/>\n<\/strong>\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.\u00a0\u00a0 \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2\u00a0 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2. \u0397 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd. \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd. \u0388\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5. \u0388\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03af\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd. \u0391\u03bb\u03b3\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong> \u039c\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c9\u03bd\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1: \u039b\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7. <\/strong>\u039c\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03af\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd. \u0395\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c9\u03bd\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1. \u0388\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd. \u0388\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5.\u00a0 \u0393\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 (linear trends) \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2.\u00a0 \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u00a0 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5.<\/li>\n<li><strong> \u0388\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2: <\/strong>\u039f\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03af\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd. \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03af\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd. \u0388\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 (adequacy) \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 (link) \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u2013 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1. \u039f\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ad\u03ba\u03c4o\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd (outliers). \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03ae\u03c2 (influential).\u00a0 A\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03ae\u03c2.\u00a0 \u0388\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c9\u03bd\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2. \u0388\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u00a0 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1.<\/li>\n<li><strong> \u039c\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd-\u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd:<br \/>\n<\/strong>\u03a0\u03bb\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u00a0 \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u03a5\u03c0\u03cc \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1. \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd. \u039c\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u0388\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong> \u039c\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1 <\/strong><strong>multinomial<\/strong><strong> (\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c9\u03bd\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 <\/strong><strong>ordinal<\/strong><strong> (\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2) \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<br \/>\n<\/strong>\u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1, \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>E<\/strong><strong>\u03be\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac <\/strong><strong>Poisson<\/strong><strong>:<br \/>\n<\/strong>\u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b1, \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong> \u03a5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac (Overdispersion): <\/strong>\u03a0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03af \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03b9. \u039c\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac. \u03a3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c9\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u039c\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b9 \u0394\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 52 \u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 13 \u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 13 \u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ac\u03c3\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u0397\u03a5.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u039c\u03ad\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u0391\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>3 \u0395\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\/\u03b7 \u03c6\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2\/\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7. \u03a5\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7, \u03bf \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2: (\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd)*0,4+(\u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2)*0,6.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0394\u03b9\u03b4\u03ac\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u0393\u03b9\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1 \u03a4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b7 \u039d\u03af\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b6\u03ae\u03c2 &nbsp; \u03a3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 O \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd (\u0393.\u0393.\u039c.) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b7. \u03a4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u0393.\u0393.\u039c. \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03a5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a0\u03b9\u03bf <a href=\"https:\/\/biostatistics.med.uoa.gr\/en\/glm\/\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span class=\"sr-only\">Read more about \u0393\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u0393\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac 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